Understanding Dump Truck Hydraulic Systems for Your Rig
Revised September, 2023
Standard Dump or End Dump
Dump trucks play a crucial role in construction, mining, and other heavy duty applications. Users widely use the standard dump truck and end dump truck for their versatility and efficiency among various types of dump trucks. Let’s explore the difference between the two, their key components, and address common challenges faced by truck owners.
What is a Standard Dump Truck or End Dump Truck?
A standard dump truck is equipped with a high pressure hydraulic system. This allows the rig to unload cargo by lifting the truck bed from the front using hydraulic cylinders. This type of truck is suitable for a wide range of applications, including hauling gravel, sand, or construction debris.
On the other hand, an end dump truck unloads its cargo by lifting the truck bed from the rear. This is possible by using hydraulic cylinders to tip the bed. Hauling loose materials such as soil, aggregates, and asphalt is a common use for end dump trucks.
Two-Line System
The two-line system is a hydraulic system used in dump trucks. It consists of two hydraulic lines : a pressure line and a return line. The pressure line carries hydraulic fluid from the pump to the hydraulic cylinder. The return line allows the fluid to return to the reservoir.
Three-Line System
The three-line system is an alternative hydraulic system used in dump trucks. It includes an additional line known as the power beyond the line. This system offers advantages such as faster cylinder operation, increased efficiency, and the ability to control multiple functions simultaneously.
Typical Components within a Dump System
A dump system comprises of several key components, including :
- Reservoir: The hydraulic fluid reservoir stores hydraulic fluid and helps maintain the system’s temperature and fluid level.
- Mounting Bracket: provides support to the pump, which prevents damage to the PTO flange.
- PTO: Transfers power from the engine to auxiliary equipment, such as a hydraulic system
- Hydraulic pump: The pump generates hydraulic pressure to power the system and raise the truck bed.
- Hoses & Fittings: The hydraulic hoses and fittings connect various parts of the system, ensuring the smooth transfer of hydraulic fluid.
- Quick Coupler: The coupler provides quick and easy connect and disconnect of hydraulic lines.
- High PSI Filter: High PSI filter selection should be based on the specific requirements of the hydraulic system, considering factors such as the system’s operating pressure, flow rate, and the type and size of contaminants expected.
Avoid the Drama
One common challenge truck owners face is inadequate hydraulic reservoir capacity. Insufficient reservoir capacity can lead to overheating, increased wear on hydraulic components, and reduced system efficiency. Prevent costly repairs by regularly inspecting and maintaining the reservoir, as well as managing the fluid level appropriately.
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* The forgoing is provided for informational purposes only. Please consult your local FleetPride Heavy Duty Experts to verify the suitability of a part for the intended application.